Global health

answer questions to both cases: CASE STUDY: CROSS-CULTURAL LEARNING  McDowell Memorial Medical Center and a state university have joined forces to sponsor sending 10 nursing students and 10 nursing staff to Panama for a 2-week cross-cultural learning experience. Students and staff come from maternal–child, pediatric, medical–surgical, community, and psychiatric nursing. All students and staff identify with the dominant American culture. Only one student and two staff nurses have traveled outside the United States; their travel experiences were in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Ontario, Canada; and London, England. Three of the participants have limited experience with the Spanish language from high school; the remainder know only a few expressions in Spanish.  Brenda Polek, a nurse manager from the Medical Center, and Alan Hardy, a faculty member from the university, will accompany the group. Both feel they have a “fair” understanding of the Spanish language. The main reason for students to participate in this experience is to complete an elective course on international nursing. Multidisciplinary staff nurses are participating in the trip to specifically learn about the Panamanian culture because the medical center has increasing numbers of Panamanians on maternal–child, pediatric, and medical–surgical inpatient units and outpatient departments. All students and staff will be housed with Panamanian families throughout their travels.  All students in this cultural immersion experience will be able to attend classes in the nursing programs while in Panama. When in the clinical areas, staff and students will be accompanied with staff nurses in outpatient clinics and on inpatient units. Not all students and staff will get the same clinical rotations. They will be in formal learning experiences 4 days each week and have 3 days each week for traveling and sightseeing. Journaling, in which students and staff record their observations and experiences, will be a large part of this program.  Brenda Polek and Alan Hardy, in conjunction with faculty and staff in Panama, will arrange housing and clinical experiences; some of them will be with indigenous Indian groups. The students and staff nurses will plan any other details before they leave for Panama.  Case Study Questions  1.  How would you feel about staying with a family in Panama if you do not speak the Spanish language well?  2.  How might you prepare to improve your Spanish language skills before you depart from home?  3.  What are the passport and visa requirements for traveling to Panama? (These requirements will change depending on your country of origin.)  4.  Which vaccinations or medications will you take before you leave home? Where will you go to find out what is currently recommended for traveling to Panama?  5.  What do you need to know about verbal communication practices of Panamanians so as not to violate social taboos?  6.  What do you need to know about nonverbal communication practices of Panamanians so as not to violate social taboos?  7.  How might you go about visiting a traditional healer while in Panama?  8.  A few Panamanians, especially the younger generation, are anti-American because of U.S. influence in the Canal Zone, the environmental concerns left by the military in the Canal Zone, and the Manuel Noriega experience. How might you handle negative comments from Panamanian students about Americans?  9.  What do you need to know about arthropod-borne diseases and food-borne and waterborne illnesses you may encounter on your trip?  10.  Make a list of at least 10 strategies to maintain your health, your personal safety, and the safety of your group while traveling in Panama.   CASE STUDY: PANAMANIAN CHALLENGES TO CARE  Leticia Maria de Isaacs Blancas y Chamorro, age 35, is married with four children, ages 15, 12, 10, and 6. Her husband, Omedo, works on a banana plantation distant from their small orange and banana farm in rural Panama; he makes it home only every other weekend. Leticia has been overweight since the birth of their first child and has never seen it as a problem. Approximately 3 months ago, she began losing weight, even though she was eating her usual diet and drinking a lot of carbonated beverages. She also has a rash on her arms and legs for which she has been using a poultice made from eucalyptus that helps the itching but does not clear up the rash.  Because going to the bathroom several times during the night was interfering with her sleep, Leticia sought advice from her mother. Her mother suggested a trip to the local botanica for herbs that a cousin used several years ago for the same condition. After trying the herbs for 2 weeks without improvement, she sought advice from a local curandera, who recommended guanabano and ginseng because Leticia was also having frequent bowel movements that she attributed to parasites. The curandera also recommended an antibiotic that did not require a prescription. Leticia obtained the antibiotic from the farmacia (pharmacist) and took it for 5 days, with no apparent improvement. In fact, her diarrhea and thirst worsened.  Leticia left her children with her younger sister and mother and took a bus 42 miles to a city with a physician. The physician wanted to admit Leticia to the hospital for a few days for a more complete health workup for diabetes mellitus. However, Leticia refused, saying that she needed to return home to her children. The physician reluctantly gave her an oral hypoglycemic prescription and an instruction for a weight-reduction diabetic diet and encouraged her to return in one week. Leticia agreed to return if her husband came home that weekend with money so she could afford a second bus trip to the city. She also stated that if she could not return the following week, the curandera, whom she has know since she was an infant, would help her.  You are a public health nurse (health worker) who lives in the same town as Leticia and have heard of her health problems being discussed at local stores. You plan to make a visit to Leticia and offer advice if she will see you.  Case Study Questions  1.  Leticia has a rather long name. What is her married name? What is the family name of her father? What is the family name of her mother?  2.  What might you do to build a trusting relationship with Leticia before giving her health advice?  3.  Which advantages might there be in visiting Leticia in her home?  4.  Which disadvantages might there be in visiting Leticia in her home?  5.  What do you think has caused the rashes on Leticia’s arms and legs?  6.  Would you encourage or discourage Leticia from using eucalyptus on the rashes?  7.  Would you encourage her to take antibiotic and herbal medicine recommended by the curandera along with the hypoglycemic prescription?  8.  What do you think might happen if you advised Leticia to refrain from taking the antibiotic and herbal medicine recommended by the curandera along with the hypoglycemic prescription?  9.  How might you help Leticia integrate the care recommended by the physician and curandera?  10.  Would you discourage Leticia from seeing the curandera completely?  11.  Leticia tells you that she does not want to lose any more weight because her husband likes her being “stout.” She eats a “traditional” Panamanian diet, which is high in fat but replete with fresh fruits and vegetables. Which dietary recommendations would you make to negotiate an acceptable weight and still maintain control of her diabetes?  12.  If Leticia agrees to be admitted to a hospital for treatment, would she be admitted to a Social Security hospital or a Ministry of Health hospital?

Reflection

Please consider how you have developed the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that enable your achievement of the Course Goals listed in the syllabus. Then write a minimum of a 1000 word APA-style essay reflecting on how this course has helped you achieve these goals. 

Course Goals:

Course Goals

By the conclusion of this course, you will be able to:

1. Validate and evaluate the use of epidemiology to identify major global issues in public health.
2. Originate and elaborate on both natural and man-made health concerns to include terrorism and infectious diseases of global importance.
3. Discuss advocacy for vulnerable populations and diversity and then demonstrate cultural sensitivity in care planning and collaboration.
4. Critique the essential elements of disaster and emergency interventions for health care systems.
5. Assess major organizations that are involved in global health and synthesize knowledge of important global health priorities. 
6. Formulate and propose a plan to address health concerns in regards to ethical, legal, social, and public health policy, to express a concentration on interdisciplinary collaboration.

For this assignment you will utilize the country, population and health concern that you identified – Burkina Faso

shortage of trained workers, high incidence of communicable diseases-malaria, HIV and tuberculosis. As well as poor sanitation, lack of access to clean water and healthy food.

Formulate a plan of action to address that health concern and the following topics:

1. What would be the plan’s main goals?

2. Who might be on your team (professionals) and why, describe their roles.

3. What would your team’s research focus on?

4. Where would the project funding come from? 

5. What policies/partnerships would need to be created, changed and/or formed?

6. What would be the plan’s objectives to achieve the goals (measurable)?

7. What would be the top two interventions to meet the objectives?

8. How will the plan be implemented and subsequently evaluate for effectiveness?

1. Theorize how the economics, politics, geographical location, technology, and cultures affect the health and healthcare of residents of Israel in relation to Israel’s major health issues.
2. Compare and contrast the health and healthcare system of the country of Georgia with other countries established from the former Soviet Union and other developing countries.

For this assignment you will utilize the country, population and health concern that you identified in Module 2. – Burkina Faso

Formulate a plan of action to address that health concern and the following topics:

1. What would be the plan’s main goals?

2. Who might be on your team (professionals) and why, describe their roles.

3. What would your team’s research focus on?

4. Where would the project funding come from? 

5. What policies/partnerships would need to be created, changed and/or formed?

6. What would be the plan’s objectives to achieve the goals (measurable)?

7. What would be the top two interventions to meet the objectives?

8. How will the plan be implemented and subsequently evaluate for effectiveness?

Please submit one APA formatted presentation (PowerPoint®, Prezi®, etc.) of at least 2 slides per topic noted above. The assignment should have a minimum of four scholarly sources, in addition to the textbook.

1. What are three major areas needed for improvement in the Mexican healthcare system? What do you suggest that can be accomplished within the economic constraints?

1. What are three major areas needed for improvement in the Mexican healthcare system? What do you suggest that can be accomplished within the economic constraints?

1. What are three major areas needed for improvement in the Mexican healthcare system? What do you suggest that can be accomplished within the economic constraints?

1. What are three major areas needed for improvement in the Mexican healthcare system? What do you suggest that can be accomplished within the economic constraints?

1. Compare and contrast global nutritional deficiencies, such as iron-deficiency anemia, niacin, vitamin A, vitamin B, iodine, and zinc micronutrient deficiencies.
2. Relate the barriers to receiving mental health care as compared to physical health services, in both developed and developing countries and identify factors that result in client-centered services that are culturally appropriate and build on health and move an individual toward recovery.
3. Based on the principles of toxicology – compare and contrast with examples what are sustainable and unsustainable developments.

Please submit one APA formatted presentation (PowerPoint®, Prezi®, etc.) of at least 5 slides per topic. The assignment should have a minimum of four scholarly sources,

1. Compare and contrast global nutritional deficiencies, such as iron-deficiency anemia, niacin, vitamin A, vitamin B, iodine, and zinc micronutrient deficiencies.
2. Relate the barriers to receiving mental health care as compared to physical health services, in both developed and developing countries and identify factors that result in client-centered services that are culturally appropriate and build on health and move an individual toward recovery.
3. Based on the principles of toxicology – compare and contrast with examples what are sustainable and unsustainable developments.

Please submit one APA formatted presentation (PowerPoint®, Prezi®, etc.) of at least 5 slides per topic. The assignment should have a minimum of four scholarly sources,

1. Explain the human right “freedom from hunger.” Do you believe that all people living in the world should have this right? Why? In your opinion are their global solutions to this problem?

1. How do culture, politics, geography, and economics play roles in human trafficking violence within a community and globally?
2. Analyze and summarize causes and issues of suicide in woman in China.
3. What are some reasons for the disparity of cancer incidence, treatments, and survivorship among vulnerable populations worldwide and compare and contrast global methods of disease related pain control?

1. Discuss the impact of expanding technology in developing countries upon the increased burden of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension.

1. Discuss, giving examples, how infectious diseases can spread worldwide in a rapid manner and relate the role of climate and the global spread of infectious diseases.
2. What do you believe to be the major challenges in CAM use and CAM research? What would you do or suggest to addressing such challenges?

1. Discuss, giving examples, how infectious diseases can spread worldwide in a rapid manner and relate the role of climate and the global spread of infectious diseases.
2. What do you believe to be the major challenges in CAM use and CAM research? What would you do or suggest to addressing such challenges?

1. How do the diagnoses and treatments of infectious diseases differ globally and culturally within different regions of the world and how does economics affect a country’s ability to prevent and treat infections?

How are the health issues of infant mortality and nutrition similar and different for the countries of China and India? And how do their cultural influences and beliefs of health care practices and traditional medicine affect health and health care differently?

• Examine the UN Millennium Developmental Goals (2015) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Global Programs & Initiatives. Select a UN Millennium Goal and a HHS Global initiative which could be utilized as a basis of reference for addressing the palliative care issues and obstacles in nations. Then based on that goal and initiative compare, contrast and describe the cultural end-of-life care policies & services of China, India, or sub-Saharan Africa with that of Europe.
• Analyze and hypothesize why the United States spends more money per capita on health care and does not have the greatest return for the money as compared to other developed countries such as Japan.
• How can WHO’s health policies make a difference in global health care? Be specific and provide advocacy suggestions.
• For the module 8 assignment you will find it helpful to research under-developed countries’ access to health care and the morbidity and mortality rates of the population. Examine the UN Millennium Developmental Goals (2015) and the latest progress made toward their attainment. Why is important to note their progress worldwide? Then, contact organizations already involved in efforts to improve the health of the nation to understand what is already is being done and what are the gaps or ongoing needs. Highlight your interviews, research and findings for the country you will focus on in the coming weeks.

Please submit one APA formatted presentation (PowerPoint®, Prezi®, Impress® etc.) of at least 5 slides for each of four topics, listed above. This presentation should be a minimum of 20 slides (maximum of 30 slides), including a title, introduction, conclusion and reference slide, with detailed speaker notes or recorded audio comments for all content slides. The assignment should have a minimum of four scholarly sources, in addition to the textbook.

1. Complete CASE STUDY, Chapter 1.
2. Elaborate on the purpose and intentions of the World Health Report (2013) and the Millennium Development Goals Report (2015).
3. Analyze, compare and contrast the high rates of longevity for residents of Japan and Sweden to that of the U.S.
4. Complete CASE STUDY, Chapter 1.
5. Elaborate on the purpose and intentions of the World Health Report (2013) and the Millennium Development Goals Report (2015).
6. Analyze, compare and contrast the high rates of longevity for residents of Japan and Sweden to that of the U.S.

Please submit one APA formatted essay of at least 1500 words. The assignment should have a minimum of four scholarly sources, in addition to the textbook.

Please submit one APA formatted essay of at least 1500 words. The assignment should have a minimum of four scholarly sources, in addition to the textbook.

Do you believe it is necessary for wealthier developed countries to share needed funds and technology to assist with developing countries’ major health and healthcare problems? What are the benefits and downfalls of this approach?