Describe the Process of Fertilization

1. Describe the process of fertilization, and explain the significance of multiple sperm to ensuring its success.

 

2. Discuss cleavage, morula formation, blastocyst formation, and implantation of the blastocyst in the
   uterine wall.

 

3. Describe gastrulation and the formation of the three germ layers.

 

4. Identify and describe the formation, location, and functions of the four extra-embryonic membranes.

 

5. Discuss the roles of the extra-embryonic membranes in embryological development and placenta formation.

 

6. Discuss the importance of the placenta both to the fetus and as an endocrine organ.

 

7. Describe organogenesis and its role in the developing fetus.

 

8. Describe the interplay between maternal organ systems and the developing fetus.

 

9. List and discuss the events that occur during labor and delivery.

 

10. Identify the features of and the functions associated with the various life stages.

 

11. Explain the roles of hormones in males and females at puberty.

 

12. Relate the basic principles of genetics to the inheritance of human traits.

 

13. Describe the relationships among the various forms of inheritance, and give examples of representative phenotypic characters, both normal and abnormal.

 

14. Perform Punnett Squares for strict dominant-recessive inheritance, multiple allele and codominant inheritance, and x-linked inheritance patterns. From the results of a Punnett Square, be able to identify the probability of a given phenotype or genotype.

 

15. Identify several chromosomal disorders, and describe the human genome.

 

 

 

1. What is the term for the functional change that sperm must undergo in the female reproductive tract that allows them to fertilize a secondary oocyte? ________________________________

 

1. The glycoprotein layer internal to the corona radiata is called __________________________

 

1. The developing conceptus is called a __________________________ for the first eight weeks.

 

1. The development of an embryo or fetus outside the uterine cavity is called _______________.

 

1. The part of the female reproductive tract where fertilization normally occurs is _____________.

 

1. By the end of the third day after fertilization, the fertilized egg has become a solid ball of cells called the __________________________________________________________________.

 

1. Name the type of trophoblast cell that degrades the endometrium for implantation to take place __________________________________________________________________________.

 

1. The decidua _____________________ is the endometrium that grows over the implanted egg.

 

1. Name the germ layer that gives rise to the bones and muscles. ________________________

 

1. Which of the fetal membranes serves as an early site of blood cell formation and that is the source of the cells that differentiate to form reproductive cells? _________________________

 

1. Name the hormone secreted by the placenta that mimics the action of LH and causes the corpus luteum to continue secreting progesterone. __________________________________

 

1. During which month does the heart start beating? ___________________________________

 

1. Deoxygenated blood is carried to the placenta which fetal blood vessel? _________________

 

1. Name the hormone that causes the waddling gate in pregnant women. ___________________

 

1. Name the hormone that causes glucose sparing. ____________________________________

 

1. Name the phase of parturition during which the baby is delivered. _______________________

 

1. Name one physiological change that occurs during pregnancy. _________________________

 

1. Name the hormone that stimulates the let-down reflex. _______________________________

 

1. The initial low-lactose, low-fat fluid produced by the mammary glands is called ____________.

 

1. A condition that appears as a result of impaired renal function, edema, and increased blood volume during pregnancy is called ______________________________________________.

 

1. Name the term for one’s physical or outward expression of their genes. ______________

 

1. A diploid human cell contains ____________________ pairs of autosomal chromosomes.

 

1. Name the term that refers to different versions of the same gene. ___________________

 

1. Give one example of a dominant human trait. __________________________________

 

1. Give one example of a sex-linked human trait. __________________________________

 

1. Right handedness (R) is dominant over left handedness (r).  Determine the probability of producing a child with right-handedness from a cross between two heterozygous parents. _______________________________________________________________________

 

1. From the previous cross, determine the probability the child will be homozygous dominant for the trait? __________________________________________________________________

 

1. Determine the probability of producing a child with O type blood from a cross between a woman who is genotype AO and a man who is genotype BO. _________________________

 

1. What is the probability a woman’s 6-month-old son is colorblind if she is a carrier of colorblindness and the father is also colorblind? _____________________________________

 

1. From the previous cross, what is the probability of having a colorblind daughter? ___________

 

1. Name the technique used to observe abnormalities in chromosome number by staining, photographing, pairing, and lining up chromosomes _________________________________

 

1. Name a genetic disorder described as a monosmy of sex chromosomes characterized as XO.  ­­­­­­­­­­­­___________________________________________________________________________

 

1. Name an autosomal recessive disorder.  __________________________________________

 

1. Name an autosomal dominant disorder.  ___________________________________________

 

1. Name an X-linked recessive disorder. _____________________________________________